Toxicology

Therapeutic concentrations of risperidone range between 10 and 90 μg/L, and the total sum of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone range between 10 and 100 μg/L.

(Source: SAS Trace Element Update, 2018)

0.05 - 0.5 mg/L

This is a screening test for the presence of sulphonylureas in plasma or urine. As such, we will report results as Positive or Negative for the drugs listed above. All can be detected reliably at concentrations of 0.5 mg/L in urine and plasma.

This is a screening test. Drugs detected in specimens will be stated on the report.

THIS ASSAY IS CURRENTLY NOT AVAILABLE

Therapeutic targets remain only loosely defined and appear to vary depending on the purpose of therapy. A reference range of 18 - 63 mg/L has been suggested. Adverse reactions to leflunomide do not correlate well with serum drug concentration, but include diarrhoea, hypertension, and liver toxicity. 

Please contact the laboratory for more information.

High dose therapeutic use of tramadol associated with concentrations of up to 0.8 mg/L. Toxicity associated with concentrations > 1 mg/L.  (Schulz et al. Critical Care 2012, 16:R136).

This is a screening tests. Drugs detected in specimens will be stated on the report.

Reference Ranges (pre-chelation)

Normal excretion usually <0.8 umol/24 hours.
Cholestasis, hepatic cirrhosis, covert Wilson's Disease >0.8 umol/24 hours
Patients with frank Wilson's Disease or acute hepatic crisis >1.6 umol/24 hours

(Source: SAS Trace Element Analysis, 4th Edition, 2006).