Toxicology

In therapeutic use, plasma concentrations for the two drugs combined do not usually exceed 300 ug/L, with symptoms associated with toxicity observed at levels greater than 500 ug/L. (Clarke's Analysis of Drugs & Poisons, Third Edition)

Diazepam: Toxicity associated with concentrations > 3 mg/L.

Nordiazepam: Toxicity associated with concentrations >  1.5 mg/L.

Oxazepam: Toxicity associated with concentrations > 2 mg/L.

Temazepam: Toxicity associated with concentrations > 2 mg/L.
(Schulz et al. Critical Care 2012, 16:R136).

Please contact the laboratory if benzodiazepine measurement is required for therapeutic monitoring purposes.

Normal values: <15 nmol/L

MHRA threshold (7ppb) for patients with MoM hip joints: 135 nmol/L

0.5 - 10 ug/L

Citalopram Therapeutic range - 50 - 110ug/L

Desmethylcitalopram may weakly contribute to pharmacological actions.

Please contact the laboratory if citalopram measurement is required for therapeutic monitoring purposes.

Citalopram is measured by LC-MS/MS.

Therapeutic Range: 90 - 250 ug/L.

Analysed by LC-MS/MS 

Toxicity associated with clomipramine levels > 400 ug/L. 

350 - 600 ug/L (Schulz et al. Critical Care 2012, 16:R136).

Cocaine: Toxic range: > 0.5 mg/L. (Schulz et al. Critical Care 2012, 16:R136)

(Source: SAS Trace Element Update, 2018)